Module: Process

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.daemon()                        -> 0
 *     Process.daemon(nochdir=nil,noclose=nil) -> 0
 *
 *  Detach the process from controlling terminal and run in
 *  the background as system daemon.  Unless the argument
 *  nochdir is true (i.e. non false), it changes the current
 *  working directory to the root ("/"). Unless the argument
 *  noclose is true, daemon() will redirect standard input,
 *  standard output and standard error to /dev/null.
 *  Return zero on success, or raise one of Errno::*.
 */

static VALUE
proc_daemon(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE nochdir, noclose;
    int n;

    rb_secure(2);
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &nochdir, &noclose);

#if defined(HAVE_DAEMON)
    prefork();
    before_fork();
    n = daemon(RTEST(nochdir), RTEST(noclose));
    after_fork();
    if (n < 0) rb_sys_fail("daemon");
    return INT2FIX(n);
#elif defined(HAVE_FORK)
    switch (rb_fork(0, 0, 0, Qnil)) {
      case -1:
    rb_sys_fail("daemon");
      case 0:
    break;
      default:
    _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }

    proc_setsid();

    /* must not be process-leader */
    switch (rb_fork(0, 0, 0, Qnil)) {
      case -1:
    rb_sys_fail("daemon");
      case 0:
    break;
      default:
    _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }

    if (!RTEST(nochdir))
    (void)chdir("/");

    if (!RTEST(noclose) && (n = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0)) != -1) {
    (void)dup2(n, 0);
    (void)dup2(n, 1);
    (void)dup2(n, 2);
    if (n > 2)
        (void)close (n);
    }
    return INT2FIX(0);
#endif
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.detach(pid)   -> thread
 *
 *  Some operating systems retain the status of terminated child
 *  processes until the parent collects that status (normally using
 *  some variant of <code>wait()</code>. If the parent never collects
 *  this status, the child stays around as a <em>zombie</em> process.
 *  <code>Process::detach</code> prevents this by setting up a
 *  separate Ruby thread whose sole job is to reap the status of the
 *  process _pid_ when it terminates. Use <code>detach</code>
 *  only when you do not intent to explicitly wait for the child to
 *  terminate.
 *
 *  The waiting thread returns the exit status of the detached process
 *  when it terminates, so you can use <code>Thread#join</code> to
 *  know the result.  If specified _pid_ is not a valid child process
 *  ID, the thread returns +nil+ immediately.
 *
 *  The waiting thread has <code>pid</code> method which returns the pid.
 *
 *  In this first example, we don't reap the first child process, so
 *  it appears as a zombie in the process status display.
 *
 *     p1 = fork { sleep 0.1 }
 *     p2 = fork { sleep 0.2 }
 *     Process.waitpid(p2)
 *     sleep 2
 *     system("ps -ho pid,state -p #{p1}")
 *
 *  <em>produces:</em>
 *
 *     27389 Z
 *
 *  In the next example, <code>Process::detach</code> is used to reap
 *  the child automatically.
 *
 *     p1 = fork { sleep 0.1 }
 *     p2 = fork { sleep 0.2 }
 *     Process.detach(p1)
 *     Process.waitpid(p2)
 *     sleep 2
 *     system("ps -ho pid,state -p #{p1}")
 *
 *  <em>(produces no output)</em>
 */

static VALUE
proc_detach(VALUE obj, VALUE pid)
{
    rb_secure(2);
    return rb_detach_process(NUM2PIDT(pid));
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.egid          -> fixnum
 *     Process::GID.eid      -> fixnum
 *     Process::Sys.geteid   -> fixnum
 *
 *  Returns the effective group ID for this process. Not available on
 *  all platforms.
 *
 *     Process.egid   #=> 500
 */

static VALUE
proc_getegid(VALUE obj)
{
    rb_gid_t egid = getegid();

    return GIDT2NUM(egid);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.euid           -> fixnum
 *     Process::UID.eid       -> fixnum
 *     Process::Sys.geteuid   -> fixnum
 *
 *  Returns the effective user ID for this process.
 *
 *     Process.euid   #=> 501
 */

static VALUE
proc_geteuid(VALUE obj)
{
    rb_uid_t euid = geteuid();
    return UIDT2NUM(euid);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     exec([env,] command... [,options])
 *
 *  Replaces the current process by running the given external _command_.
 *  _command..._ is one of following forms.
 *
 *    commandline                 : command line string which is passed to the standard shell
 *    cmdname, arg1, ...          : command name and one or more arguments (no shell)
 *    [cmdname, argv0], arg1, ... : command name, argv[0] and zero or more arguments (no shell)
 *
 *  If single string is given as the command,
 *  it is taken as a command line that is subject to shell expansion before being executed.
 *
 *  The standard shell means always <code>"/bin/sh"</code> on Unix-like systems,
 *  <code>ENV["RUBYSHELL"]</code> or <code>ENV["COMSPEC"]</code> on Windows NT series, and
 *  similar.
 *
 *  If two or more +string+ given,
 *  the first is taken as a command name and
 *  the rest are passed as parameters to command with no shell expansion.
 *
 *  If a two-element array at the beginning of the command,
 *  the first element is the command to be executed,
 *  and the second argument is used as the <code>argv[0]</code> value,
 *  which may show up in process listings.
 *
 *  In order to execute the command, one of the <code>exec(2)</code>
 *  system calls is used, so the running command may inherit some of the environment
 *  of the original program (including open file descriptors).
 *  This behavior is modified by env and options.
 *  See <code>spawn</code> for details.
 *
 *  Raises SystemCallError if the command couldn't execute (typically
 *  <code>Errno::ENOENT</code> when it was not found).
 *
 *     exec "echo *"       # echoes list of files in current directory
 *     # never get here
 *
 *
 *     exec "echo", "*"    # echoes an asterisk
 *     # never get here
 */

VALUE
rb_f_exec(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    struct rb_exec_arg earg;
#define CHILD_ERRMSG_BUFLEN 80
    char errmsg[CHILD_ERRMSG_BUFLEN] = { '\0' };

    rb_exec_arg_init(argc, argv, TRUE, &earg);
    if (NIL_P(rb_ary_entry(earg.options, EXEC_OPTION_CLOSE_OTHERS)))
        rb_exec_arg_addopt(&earg, ID2SYM(rb_intern("close_others")), Qfalse);
    rb_exec_arg_fixup(&earg);

    rb_exec_err(&earg, errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
    if (errmsg[0])
        rb_sys_fail(errmsg);
    rb_sys_fail(earg.prog);
    return Qnil;        /* dummy */
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     exit(status=true)
 *     Kernel::exit(status=true)
 *     Process::exit(status=true)
 *
 *  Initiates the termination of the Ruby script by raising the
 *  <code>SystemExit</code> exception. This exception may be caught. The
 *  optional parameter is used to return a status code to the invoking
 *  environment.
 *  +true+ and +FALSE+ of _status_ means success and failure
 *  respectively.  The interpretation of other integer values are
 *  system dependent.
 *
 *     begin
 *       exit
 *       puts "never get here"
 *     rescue SystemExit
 *       puts "rescued a SystemExit exception"
 *     end
 *     puts "after begin block"
 *
 *  <em>produces:</em>
 *
 *     rescued a SystemExit exception
 *     after begin block
 *
 *  Just prior to termination, Ruby executes any <code>at_exit</code> functions
 *  (see Kernel::at_exit) and runs any object finalizers (see
 *  ObjectSpace::define_finalizer).
 *
 *     at_exit { puts "at_exit function" }
 *     ObjectSpace.define_finalizer("string",  proc { puts "in finalizer" })
 *     exit
 *
 *  <em>produces:</em>
 *
 *     at_exit function
 *     in finalizer
 */

VALUE
rb_f_exit(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE status;
    int istatus;

    rb_secure(4);
    if (argc > 0 && rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &status) == 1) {
    switch (status) {
      case Qtrue:
        istatus = EXIT_SUCCESS;
        break;
      case Qfalse:
        istatus = EXIT_FAILURE;
        break;
      default:
        istatus = NUM2INT(status);
#if EXIT_SUCCESS != 0
        if (istatus == 0)
        istatus = EXIT_SUCCESS;
#endif
        break;
    }
    }
    else {
    istatus = EXIT_SUCCESS;
    }
    rb_exit(istatus);
    return Qnil;        /* not reached */
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.exit!(status=false)
 *
 *  Exits the process immediately. No exit handlers are
 *  run. <em>status</em> is returned to the underlying system as the
 *  exit status.
 *
 *     Process.exit!(true)
 */

static VALUE
rb_f_exit_bang(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
    VALUE status;
    int istatus;

    rb_secure(4);
    if (argc > 0 && rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &status) == 1) {
    switch (status) {
      case Qtrue:
        istatus = EXIT_SUCCESS;
        break;
      case Qfalse:
        istatus = EXIT_FAILURE;
        break;
      default:
        istatus = NUM2INT(status);
        break;
    }
    }
    else {
    istatus = EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    _exit(istatus);

    return Qnil;        /* not reached */
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Kernel.fork  [{ block }]   -> fixnum or nil
 *     Process.fork [{ block }]   -> fixnum or nil
 *
 *  Creates a subprocess. If a block is specified, that block is run
 *  in the subprocess, and the subprocess terminates with a status of
 *  zero. Otherwise, the +fork+ call returns twice, once in
 *  the parent, returning the process ID of the child, and once in
 *  the child, returning _nil_. The child process can exit using
 *  <code>Kernel.exit!</code> to avoid running any
 *  <code>at_exit</code> functions. The parent process should
 *  use <code>Process.wait</code> to collect the termination statuses
 *  of its children or use <code>Process.detach</code> to register
 *  disinterest in their status; otherwise, the operating system
 *  may accumulate zombie processes.
 *
 *  The thread calling fork is the only thread in the created child process.
 *  fork doesn't copy other threads.
 *
 *  If fork is not usable, Process.respond_to?(:fork) returns false.
 */

static VALUE
rb_f_fork(VALUE obj)
{
    rb_pid_t pid;

    rb_secure(2);

    switch (pid = rb_fork(0, 0, 0, Qnil)) {
      case 0:
    rb_thread_atfork();
    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
        int status;

        rb_protect(rb_yield, Qundef, &status);
        ruby_stop(status);
    }
    return Qnil;

      case -1:
    rb_sys_fail("fork(2)");
    return Qnil;

      default:
    return PIDT2NUM(pid);
    }
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.getpgid(pid)   -> integer
 *
 *  Returns the process group ID for the given process id. Not
 *  available on all platforms.
 *
 *     Process.getpgid(Process.ppid())   #=> 25527
 */

static VALUE
proc_getpgid(VALUE obj, VALUE pid)
{
    rb_pid_t i;

    rb_secure(2);
    i = getpgid(NUM2PIDT(pid));
    if (i < 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
    return PIDT2NUM(i);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.getpgrp   -> integer
 *
 *  Returns the process group ID for this process. Not available on
 *  all platforms.
 *
 *     Process.getpgid(0)   #=> 25527
 *     Process.getpgrp      #=> 25527
 */

static VALUE
proc_getpgrp(void)
{
    rb_pid_t pgrp;

    rb_secure(2);
#if defined(HAVE_GETPGRP) && defined(GETPGRP_VOID)
    pgrp = getpgrp();
    if (pgrp < 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
    return PIDT2NUM(pgrp);
#else /* defined(HAVE_GETPGID) */
    pgrp = getpgid(0);
    if (pgrp < 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
    return PIDT2NUM(pgrp);
#endif
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.getpriority(kind, integer)   -> fixnum
 *
 *  Gets the scheduling priority for specified process, process group,
 *  or user. <em>kind</em> indicates the kind of entity to find: one
 *  of <code>Process::PRIO_PGRP</code>,
 *  <code>Process::PRIO_USER</code>, or
 *  <code>Process::PRIO_PROCESS</code>. _integer_ is an id
 *  indicating the particular process, process group, or user (an id
 *  of 0 means _current_). Lower priorities are more favorable
 *  for scheduling. Not available on all platforms.
 *
 *     Process.getpriority(Process::PRIO_USER, 0)      #=> 19
 *     Process.getpriority(Process::PRIO_PROCESS, 0)   #=> 19
 */

static VALUE
proc_getpriority(VALUE obj, VALUE which, VALUE who)
{
    int prio, iwhich, iwho;

    rb_secure(2);
    iwhich = NUM2INT(which);
    iwho   = NUM2INT(who);

    errno = 0;
    prio = getpriority(iwhich, iwho);
    if (errno) rb_sys_fail(0);
    return INT2FIX(prio);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.getrlimit(resource)   -> [cur_limit, max_limit]
 *
 *  Gets the resource limit of the process.
 *  _cur_limit_ means current (soft) limit and
 *  _max_limit_ means maximum (hard) limit.
 *
 *  _resource_ indicates the kind of resource to limit.
 *  It is specified as a symbol such as <code>:CORE</code>,
 *  a string such as <code>"CORE"</code> or
 *  a constant such as <code>Process::RLIMIT_CORE</code>.
 *  See Process.setrlimit for details.
 *
 *  _cur_limit_ and _max_limit_ may be <code>Process::RLIM_INFINITY</code>,
 *  <code>Process::RLIM_SAVED_MAX</code> or
 *  <code>Process::RLIM_SAVED_CUR</code>.
 *  See Process.setrlimit and the system getrlimit(2) manual for details.
 */

static VALUE
proc_getrlimit(VALUE obj, VALUE resource)
{
    struct rlimit rlim;

    rb_secure(2);

    if (getrlimit(rlimit_resource_type(resource), &rlim) < 0) {
    rb_sys_fail("getrlimit");
    }
    return rb_assoc_new(RLIM2NUM(rlim.rlim_cur), RLIM2NUM(rlim.rlim_max));
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.gid           -> fixnum
 *     Process::GID.rid      -> fixnum
 *     Process::Sys.getgid   -> fixnum
 *
 *  Returns the (real) group ID for this process.
 *
 *     Process.gid   #=> 500
 */

static VALUE
proc_getgid(VALUE obj)
{
    rb_gid_t gid = getgid();
    return GIDT2NUM(gid);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.gid= fixnum   -> fixnum
 *
 *  Sets the group ID for this process.
 */

static VALUE
proc_setgid(VALUE obj, VALUE id)
{
    rb_gid_t gid;

    check_gid_switch();

    gid = NUM2GIDT(id);
#if defined(HAVE_SETRESGID)
    if (setresgid(gid, -1, -1) < 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
#elif defined HAVE_SETREGID
    if (setregid(gid, -1) < 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
#elif defined HAVE_SETRGID
    if (setrgid(gid) < 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
#elif defined HAVE_SETGID
    {
    if (getegid() == gid) {
        if (setgid(gid) < 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
    }
    else {
        rb_notimplement();
    }
    }
#endif
    return GIDT2NUM(gid);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.groups   -> array
 *
 *  Get an <code>Array</code> of the gids of groups in the
 *  supplemental group access list for this process.
 *
 *     Process.groups   #=> [27, 6, 10, 11]
 *
 */

static VALUE
proc_getgroups(VALUE obj)
{
    VALUE ary;
    int i, ngroups;
    rb_gid_t *groups;

    groups = ALLOCA_N(rb_gid_t, maxgroups);

    ngroups = getgroups(maxgroups, groups);
    if (ngroups == -1)
    rb_sys_fail(0);

    ary = rb_ary_new();
    for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++)
    rb_ary_push(ary, GIDT2NUM(groups[i]));

    return ary;
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.groups= array   -> array
 *
 *  Set the supplemental group access list to the given
 *  <code>Array</code> of group IDs.
 *
 *     Process.groups   #=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, 20, 26, 27]
 *     Process.groups = [27, 6, 10, 11]   #=> [27, 6, 10, 11]
 *     Process.groups   #=> [27, 6, 10, 11]
 *
 */

static VALUE
proc_setgroups(VALUE obj, VALUE ary)
{
    size_t ngroups, i;
    rb_gid_t *groups;
    struct group *gr;

    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);

    ngroups = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
    if (ngroups > (size_t)maxgroups)
    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "too many groups, %u max", maxgroups);

    groups = ALLOCA_N(rb_gid_t, ngroups);

    for (i = 0; i < ngroups && i < (size_t)RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
    VALUE g = RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i];

    if (FIXNUM_P(g)) {
        groups[i] = NUM2GIDT(g);
    }
    else {
        VALUE tmp = rb_check_string_type(g);

        if (NIL_P(tmp)) {
        groups[i] = NUM2GIDT(g);
        }
        else {
        gr = getgrnam(RSTRING_PTR(tmp));
        if (gr == NULL)
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError,
                 "can't find group for %s", RSTRING_PTR(tmp));
        groups[i] = gr->gr_gid;
        }
    }
    }

    if (setgroups((int)ngroups, groups) == -1) /* ngroups <= maxgroups */
    rb_sys_fail(0);

    return proc_getgroups(obj);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.initgroups(username, gid)   -> array
 *
 *  Initializes the supplemental group access list by reading the
 *  system group database and using all groups of which the given user
 *  is a member. The group with the specified <em>gid</em> is also
 *  added to the list. Returns the resulting <code>Array</code> of the
 *  gids of all the groups in the supplementary group access list. Not
 *  available on all platforms.
 *
 *     Process.groups   #=> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, 20, 26, 27]
 *     Process.initgroups( "mgranger", 30 )   #=> [30, 6, 10, 11]
 *     Process.groups   #=> [30, 6, 10, 11]
 *
 */

static VALUE
proc_initgroups(VALUE obj, VALUE uname, VALUE base_grp)
{
    if (initgroups(StringValuePtr(uname), NUM2GIDT(base_grp)) != 0) {
    rb_sys_fail(0);
    }
    return proc_getgroups(obj);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.kill(signal, pid, ...)    -> fixnum
 *
 *  Sends the given signal to the specified process id(s), or to the
 *  current process if _pid_ is zero. _signal_ may be an
 *  integer signal number or a POSIX signal name (either with or without
 *  a +SIG+ prefix). If _signal_ is negative (or starts
 *  with a minus sign), kills process groups instead of
 *  processes. Not all signals are available on all platforms.
 *
 *     pid = fork do
 *        Signal.trap("HUP") { puts "Ouch!"; exit }
 *        # ... do some work ...
 *     end
 *     # ...
 *     Process.kill("HUP", pid)
 *     Process.wait
 *
 *  <em>produces:</em>
 *
 *     Ouch!
 *
 *  If _signal_ is an integer but wrong for signal,
 *  <code>Errno::EINVAL</code> or +RangeError+ will be raised.
 *  Otherwise unless _signal_ is a +String+ or a +Symbol+, and a known
 *  signal name, +ArgumentError+ will be raised.
 *
 *  Also, <code>Errno::ESRCH</code> or +RangeError+ for invalid _pid_,
 *  <code>Errno::EPERM</code> when failed because of no privilege,
 *  will be raised.  In these cases, signals may have been sent to
 *  preceding processes.
 */

VALUE
rb_f_kill(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
#ifndef HAS_KILLPG
#define killpg(pg, sig) kill(-(pg), sig)
#endif
    int negative = 0;
    int sig;
    int i;
    const char *s;

    rb_secure(2);
    if (argc < 2)
	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for at least 2)", argc);
    switch (TYPE(argv[0])) {
      case T_FIXNUM:
	sig = FIX2INT(argv[0]);
	break;

      case T_SYMBOL:
	s = rb_id2name(SYM2ID(argv[0]));
	if (!s) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "bad signal");
	goto str_signal;

      case T_STRING:
	s = RSTRING_PTR(argv[0]);
	if (s[0] == '-') {
	    negative++;
	    s++;
	}
      str_signal:
	if (strncmp("SIG", s, 3) == 0)
	    s += 3;
	if((sig = signm2signo(s)) == 0)
	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unsupported name `SIG%s'", s);

	if (negative)
	    sig = -sig;
	break;

      default:
        {
	    VALUE str;

	    str = rb_check_string_type(argv[0]);
	    if (!NIL_P(str)) {
		s = RSTRING_PTR(str);
		goto str_signal;
	    }
	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "bad signal type %s",
		     rb_obj_classname(argv[0]));
	}
	break;
    }

    if (sig < 0) {
	sig = -sig;
	for (i=1; i<argc; i++) {
	    if (killpg(NUM2PIDT(argv[i]), sig) < 0)
		rb_sys_fail(0);
	}
    }
    else {
	for (i=1; i<argc; i++) {
	    if (kill(NUM2PIDT(argv[i]), sig) < 0)
		rb_sys_fail(0);
	}
    }
    rb_thread_polling();
    return INT2FIX(i-1);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.maxgroups   -> fixnum
 *
 *  Returns the maximum number of gids allowed in the supplemental
 *  group access list.
 *
 *     Process.maxgroups   #=> 32
 */

static VALUE
proc_getmaxgroups(VALUE obj)
{
    return INT2FIX(maxgroups);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.maxgroups= fixnum   -> fixnum
 *
 *  Sets the maximum number of gids allowed in the supplemental group
 *  access list.
 */

static VALUE
proc_setmaxgroups(VALUE obj, VALUE val)
{
    int ngroups = FIX2UINT(val);

    if (ngroups > 4096)
    ngroups = 4096;

    maxgroups = ngroups;

    return INT2FIX(maxgroups);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.pid   -> fixnum
 *
 *  Returns the process id of this process. Not available on all
 *  platforms.
 *
 *     Process.pid   #=> 27415
 */

static VALUE
get_pid(void)
{
    rb_secure(2);
    return PIDT2NUM(getpid());
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.ppid   -> fixnum
 *
 *  Returns the process id of the parent of this process. Returns
 *  untrustworthy value on Win32/64. Not available on all platforms.
 *
 *     puts "I am #{Process.pid}"
 *     Process.fork { puts "Dad is #{Process.ppid}" }
 *
 *  <em>produces:</em>
 *
 *     I am 27417
 *     Dad is 27417
 */

static VALUE
get_ppid(void)
{
    rb_secure(2);
    return PIDT2NUM(getppid());
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.setpgid(pid, integer)   -> 0
 *
 *  Sets the process group ID of _pid_ (0 indicates this
 *  process) to <em>integer</em>. Not available on all platforms.
 */

static VALUE
proc_setpgid(VALUE obj, VALUE pid, VALUE pgrp)
{
    rb_pid_t ipid, ipgrp;

    rb_secure(2);
    ipid = NUM2PIDT(pid);
    ipgrp = NUM2PIDT(pgrp);

    if (setpgid(ipid, ipgrp) < 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
    return INT2FIX(0);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.setpgrp   -> 0
 *
 *  Equivalent to <code>setpgid(0,0)</code>. Not available on all
 *  platforms.
 */

static VALUE
proc_setpgrp(void)
{
    rb_secure(2);
  /* check for posix setpgid() first; this matches the posix */
  /* getpgrp() above.  It appears that configure will set SETPGRP_VOID */
  /* even though setpgrp(0,0) would be preferred. The posix call avoids */
  /* this confusion. */
#ifdef HAVE_SETPGID
    if (setpgid(0,0) < 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
#elif defined(HAVE_SETPGRP) && defined(SETPGRP_VOID)
    if (setpgrp() < 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
#endif
    return INT2FIX(0);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.setpriority(kind, integer, priority)   -> 0
 *
 *  See <code>Process#getpriority</code>.
 *
 *     Process.setpriority(Process::PRIO_USER, 0, 19)      #=> 0
 *     Process.setpriority(Process::PRIO_PROCESS, 0, 19)   #=> 0
 *     Process.getpriority(Process::PRIO_USER, 0)          #=> 19
 *     Process.getpriority(Process::PRIO_PROCESS, 0)       #=> 19
 */

static VALUE
proc_setpriority(VALUE obj, VALUE which, VALUE who, VALUE prio)
{
    int iwhich, iwho, iprio;

    rb_secure(2);
    iwhich = NUM2INT(which);
    iwho   = NUM2INT(who);
    iprio  = NUM2INT(prio);

    if (setpriority(iwhich, iwho, iprio) < 0)
    rb_sys_fail(0);
    return INT2FIX(0);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.setrlimit(resource, cur_limit, max_limit)        -> nil
 *     Process.setrlimit(resource, cur_limit)                   -> nil
 *
 *  Sets the resource limit of the process.
 *  _cur_limit_ means current (soft) limit and
 *  _max_limit_ means maximum (hard) limit.
 *
 *  If _max_limit_ is not given, _cur_limit_ is used.
 *
 *  _resource_ indicates the kind of resource to limit.
 *  It should be a symbol such as <code>:CORE</code>,
 *  a string such as <code>"CORE"</code> or
 *  a constant such as <code>Process::RLIMIT_CORE</code>.
 *  The available resources are OS dependent.
 *  Ruby may support following resources.
 *
 *  [CORE] core size (bytes) (SUSv3)
 *  [CPU] CPU time (seconds) (SUSv3)
 *  [DATA] data segment (bytes) (SUSv3)
 *  [FSIZE] file size (bytes) (SUSv3)
 *  [NOFILE] file descriptors (number) (SUSv3)
 *  [STACK] stack size (bytes) (SUSv3)
 *  [AS] total available memory (bytes) (SUSv3, NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD but 4.4BSD-Lite)
 *  [MEMLOCK] total size for mlock(2) (bytes) (4.4BSD, GNU/Linux)
 *  [NPROC] number of processes for the user (number) (4.4BSD, GNU/Linux)
 *  [RSS] resident memory size (bytes) (4.2BSD, GNU/Linux)
 *  [SBSIZE] all socket buffers (bytes) (NetBSD, FreeBSD)
 *
 *  _cur_limit_ and _max_limit_ may be
 *  <code>:INFINITY</code>, <code>"INFINITY"</code> or
 *  <code>Process::RLIM_INFINITY</code>,
 *  which means that the resource is not limited.
 *  They may be <code>Process::RLIM_SAVED_MAX</code>,
 *  <code>Process::RLIM_SAVED_CUR</code> and
 *  corresponding symbols and strings too.
 *  See system setrlimit(2) manual for details.
 *
 *  The following example raise the soft limit of core size to
 *  the hard limit to try to make core dump possible.
 *
 *    Process.setrlimit(:CORE, Process.getrlimit(:CORE)[1])
 *
 */

static VALUE
proc_setrlimit(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
    VALUE resource, rlim_cur, rlim_max;
    struct rlimit rlim;

    rb_secure(2);

    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &resource, &rlim_cur, &rlim_max);
    if (rlim_max == Qnil)
        rlim_max = rlim_cur;

    rlim.rlim_cur = rlimit_resource_value(rlim_cur);
    rlim.rlim_max = rlimit_resource_value(rlim_max);

    if (setrlimit(rlimit_resource_type(resource), &rlim) < 0) {
    rb_sys_fail("setrlimit");
    }
    return Qnil;
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.setsid   -> fixnum
 *
 *  Establishes this process as a new session and process group
 *  leader, with no controlling tty. Returns the session id. Not
 *  available on all platforms.
 *
 *     Process.setsid   #=> 27422
 */

static VALUE
proc_setsid(void)
{
    rb_pid_t pid;

    rb_secure(2);
    pid = setsid();
    if (pid < 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
    return PIDT2NUM(pid);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     spawn([env,] command... [,options])     -> pid
 *     Process.spawn([env,] command... [,options])     -> pid
 *
 *  spawn executes specified command and return its pid.
 *
 *  This method doesn't wait for end of the command.
 *  The parent process should
 *  use <code>Process.wait</code> to collect
 *  the termination status of its child or
 *  use <code>Process.detach</code> to register
 *  disinterest in their status;
 *  otherwise, the operating system may accumulate zombie processes.
 *
 *  spawn has bunch of options to specify process attributes:
 *
 *    env: hash
 *      name => val : set the environment variable
 *      name => nil : unset the environment variable
 *    command...:
 *      commandline                 : command line string which is passed to the standard shell
 *      cmdname, arg1, ...          : command name and one or more arguments (no shell)
 *      [cmdname, argv0], arg1, ... : command name, argv[0] and zero or more arguments (no shell)
 *    options: hash
 *      clearing environment variables:
 *        :unsetenv_others => true   : clear environment variables except specified by env
 *        :unsetenv_others => false  : don't clear (default)
 *      process group:
 *        :pgroup => true or 0 : make a new process group
 *        :pgroup => pgid      : join to specified process group
 *        :pgroup => nil       : don't change the process group (default)
 *      resource limit: resourcename is core, cpu, data, etc.  See Process.setrlimit.
 *        :rlimit_resourcename => limit
 *        :rlimit_resourcename => [cur_limit, max_limit]
 *      current directory:
 *        :chdir => str
 *      umask:
 *        :umask => int
 *      redirection:
 *        key:
 *          FD              : single file descriptor in child process
 *          [FD, FD, ...]   : multiple file descriptor in child process
 *        value:
 *          FD                        : redirect to the file descriptor in parent process
 *          string                    : redirect to file with open(string, "r" or "w")
 *          [string]                  : redirect to file with open(string, File::RDONLY)
 *          [string, open_mode]       : redirect to file with open(string, open_mode, 0644)
 *          [string, open_mode, perm] : redirect to file with open(string, open_mode, perm)
 *          [:child, FD]              : redirect to the redirected file descriptor
 *          :close                    : close the file descriptor in child process
 *        FD is one of follows
 *          :in     : the file descriptor 0 which is the standard input
 *          :out    : the file descriptor 1 which is the standard output
 *          :err    : the file descriptor 2 which is the standard error
 *          integer : the file descriptor of specified the integer
 *          io      : the file descriptor specified as io.fileno
 *      file descriptor inheritance: close non-redirected non-standard fds (3, 4, 5, ...) or not
 *        :close_others => false : inherit fds (default for system and exec)
 *        :close_others => true  : don't inherit (default for spawn and IO.popen)
 *
 *  If a hash is given as +env+, the environment is
 *  updated by +env+ before <code>exec(2)</code> in the child process.
 *  If a pair in +env+ has nil as the value, the variable is deleted.
 *
 *    # set FOO as BAR and unset BAZ.
 *    pid = spawn({"FOO"=>"BAR", "BAZ"=>nil}, command)
 *
 *  If a hash is given as +options+,
 *  it specifies
 *  process group,
 *  resource limit,
 *  current directory,
 *  umask and
 *  redirects for the child process.
 *  Also, it can be specified to clear environment variables.
 *
 *  The <code>:unsetenv_others</code> key in +options+ specifies
 *  to clear environment variables, other than specified by +env+.
 *
 *    pid = spawn(command, :unsetenv_others=>true) # no environment variable
 *    pid = spawn({"FOO"=>"BAR"}, command, :unsetenv_others=>true) # FOO only
 *
 *  The <code>:pgroup</code> key in +options+ specifies a process group.
 *  The corresponding value should be true, zero or positive integer.
 *  true and zero means the process should be a process leader of a new
 *  process group.
 *  Other values specifies a process group to be belongs.
 *
 *    pid = spawn(command, :pgroup=>true) # process leader
 *    pid = spawn(command, :pgroup=>10) # belongs to the process group 10
 *
 *  The <code>:rlimit_</code><em>foo</em> key specifies a resource limit.
 *  <em>foo</em> should be one of resource types such as <code>core</code>.
 *  The corresponding value should be an integer or an array which have one or
 *  two integers: same as cur_limit and max_limit arguments for
 *  Process.setrlimit.
 *
 *    cur, max = Process.getrlimit(:CORE)
 *    pid = spawn(command, :rlimit_core=>[0,max]) # disable core temporary.
 *    pid = spawn(command, :rlimit_core=>max) # enable core dump
 *    pid = spawn(command, :rlimit_core=>0) # never dump core.
 *
 *  The <code>:chdir</code> key in +options+ specifies the current directory.
 *
 *    pid = spawn(command, :chdir=>"/var/tmp")
 *
 *  The <code>:umask</code> key in +options+ specifies the umask.
 *
 *    pid = spawn(command, :umask=>077)
 *
 *  The :in, :out, :err, a fixnum, an IO and an array key specifies a redirection.
 *  The redirection maps a file descriptor in the child process.
 *
 *  For example, stderr can be merged into stdout as follows:
 *
 *    pid = spawn(command, :err=>:out)
 *    pid = spawn(command, 2=>1)
 *    pid = spawn(command, STDERR=>:out)
 *    pid = spawn(command, STDERR=>STDOUT)
 *
 *  The hash keys specifies a file descriptor
 *  in the child process started by <code>spawn</code>.
 *  :err, 2 and STDERR specifies the standard error stream (stderr).
 *
 *  The hash values specifies a file descriptor
 *  in the parent process which invokes <code>spawn</code>.
 *  :out, 1 and STDOUT specifies the standard output stream (stdout).
 *
 *  In the above example,
 *  the standard output in the child process is not specified.
 *  So it is inherited from the parent process.
 *
 *  The standard input stream (stdin) can be specified by :in, 0 and STDIN.
 *
 *  A filename can be specified as a hash value.
 *
 *    pid = spawn(command, :in=>"/dev/null") # read mode
 *    pid = spawn(command, :out=>"/dev/null") # write mode
 *    pid = spawn(command, :err=>"log") # write mode
 *    pid = spawn(command, 3=>"/dev/null") # read mode
 *
 *  For stdout and stderr,
 *  it is opened in write mode.
 *  Otherwise read mode is used.
 *
 *  For specifying flags and permission of file creation explicitly,
 *  an array is used instead.
 *
 *    pid = spawn(command, :in=>["file"]) # read mode is assumed
 *    pid = spawn(command, :in=>["file", "r"])
 *    pid = spawn(command, :out=>["log", "w"]) # 0644 assumed
 *    pid = spawn(command, :out=>["log", "w", 0600])
 *    pid = spawn(command, :out=>["log", File::WRONLY|File::EXCL|File::CREAT, 0600])
 *
 *  The array specifies a filename, flags and permission.
 *  The flags can be a string or an integer.
 *  If the flags is omitted or nil, File::RDONLY is assumed.
 *  The permission should be an integer.
 *  If the permission is omitted or nil, 0644 is assumed.
 *
 *  If an array of IOs and integers are specified as a hash key,
 *  all the elements are redirected.
 *
 *    # stdout and stderr is redirected to log file.
 *    # The file "log" is opened just once.
 *    pid = spawn(command, [:out, :err]=>["log", "w"])
 *
 *  Another way to merge multiple file descriptors is [:child, fd].
 *  \[:child, fd] means the file descriptor in the child process.
 *  This is different from fd.
 *  For example, :err=>:out means redirecting child stderr to parent stdout.
 *  But :err=>[:child, :out] means redirecting child stderr to child stdout.
 *  They differs if stdout is redirected in the child process as follows.
 *
 *    # stdout and stderr is redirected to log file.
 *    # The file "log" is opened just once.
 *    pid = spawn(command, :out=>["log", "w"], :err=>[:child, :out])
 *
 *  \[:child, :out] can be used to merge stderr into stdout in IO.popen.
 *  In this case, IO.popen redirects stdout to a pipe in the child process
 *  and [:child, :out] refers the redirected stdout.
 *
 *    io = IO.popen(["sh", "-c", "echo out; echo err >&2", :err=>[:child, :out]])
 *    p io.read #=> "out\nerr\n"
 *
 *  spawn closes all non-standard unspecified descriptors by default.
 *  The "standard" descriptors are 0, 1 and 2.
 *  This behavior is specified by :close_others option.
 *  :close_others doesn't affect the standard descriptors which are
 *  closed only if :close is specified explicitly.
 *
 *    pid = spawn(command, :close_others=>true)  # close 3,4,5,... (default)
 *    pid = spawn(command, :close_others=>false) # don't close 3,4,5,...
 *
 *  :close_others is true by default for spawn and IO.popen.
 *
 *  So IO.pipe and spawn can be used as IO.popen.
 *
 *    # similar to r = IO.popen(command)
 *    r, w = IO.pipe
 *    pid = spawn(command, :out=>w)   # r, w is closed in the child process.
 *    w.close
 *
 *  :close is specified as a hash value to close a fd individually.
 *
 *    f = open(foo)
 *    system(command, f=>:close)        # don't inherit f.
 *
 *  If a file descriptor need to be inherited,
 *  io=>io can be used.
 *
 *    # valgrind has --log-fd option for log destination.
 *    # log_w=>log_w indicates log_w.fileno inherits to child process.
 *    log_r, log_w = IO.pipe
 *    pid = spawn("valgrind", "--log-fd=#{log_w.fileno}", "echo", "a", log_w=>log_w)
 *    log_w.close
 *    p log_r.read
 *
 *  It is also possible to exchange file descriptors.
 *
 *    pid = spawn(command, :out=>:err, :err=>:out)
 *
 *  The hash keys specify file descriptors in the child process.
 *  The hash values specifies file descriptors in the parent process.
 *  So the above specifies exchanging stdout and stderr.
 *  Internally, +spawn+ uses an extra file descriptor to resolve such cyclic
 *  file descriptor mapping.
 *
 *  See <code>Kernel.exec</code> for the standard shell.
 */

static VALUE
rb_f_spawn(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    rb_pid_t pid;
    char errmsg[CHILD_ERRMSG_BUFLEN] = { '\0' };
    struct rb_exec_arg earg;

    pid = rb_spawn_process(&earg, rb_exec_arg_prepare(&earg, argc, argv, TRUE), errmsg, sizeof(errmsg));
    if (pid == -1) {
    const char *prog = errmsg;
    if (!prog[0] && !(prog = earg.prog) && earg.argc) {
        prog = RSTRING_PTR(earg.argv[0]);
    }
    rb_sys_fail(prog);
    }
#if defined(HAVE_FORK) || defined(HAVE_SPAWNV)
    return PIDT2NUM(pid);
#else
    return Qnil;
#endif
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.times   -> aStructTms
 *
 *  Returns a <code>Tms</code> structure (see <code>Struct::Tms</code>
 *  on page 388) that contains user and system CPU times for this
 *  process.
 *
 *     t = Process.times
 *     [ t.utime, t.stime ]   #=> [0.0, 0.02]
 */

VALUE
rb_proc_times(VALUE obj)
{
    const double hertz =
#ifdef HAVE__SC_CLK_TCK
    (double)sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
#else
#ifndef HZ
# ifdef CLK_TCK
#   define HZ CLK_TCK
# else
#   define HZ 60
# endif
#endif /* HZ */
    HZ;
#endif
    struct tms buf;
    volatile VALUE utime, stime, cutime, sctime;

    times(&buf);
    return rb_struct_new(rb_cProcessTms,
             utime = DBL2NUM(buf.tms_utime / hertz),
             stime = DBL2NUM(buf.tms_stime / hertz),
             cutime = DBL2NUM(buf.tms_cutime / hertz),
             sctime = DBL2NUM(buf.tms_cstime / hertz));
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.uid           -> fixnum
 *     Process::UID.rid      -> fixnum
 *     Process::Sys.getuid   -> fixnum
 *
 *  Returns the (real) user ID of this process.
 *
 *     Process.uid   #=> 501
 */

static VALUE
proc_getuid(VALUE obj)
{
    rb_uid_t uid = getuid();
    return UIDT2NUM(uid);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.uid= integer   -> numeric
 *
 *  Sets the (integer) user ID for this process. Not available on all
 *  platforms.
 */

static VALUE
proc_setuid(VALUE obj, VALUE id)
{
    rb_uid_t uid;

    check_uid_switch();

    uid = NUM2UIDT(id);
#if defined(HAVE_SETRESUID)
    if (setresuid(uid, -1, -1) < 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
#elif defined HAVE_SETREUID
    if (setreuid(uid, -1) < 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
#elif defined HAVE_SETRUID
    if (setruid(uid) < 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
#elif defined HAVE_SETUID
    {
    if (geteuid() == uid) {
        if (setuid(uid) < 0) rb_sys_fail(0);
    }
    else {
        rb_notimplement();
    }
    }
#endif
    return id;
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.wait()                     -> fixnum
 *     Process.wait(pid=-1, flags=0)      -> fixnum
 *     Process.waitpid(pid=-1, flags=0)   -> fixnum
 *
 *  Waits for a child process to exit, returns its process id, and
 *  sets <code>$?</code> to a <code>Process::Status</code> object
 *  containing information on that process. Which child it waits on
 *  depends on the value of _pid_:
 *
 *  > 0::   Waits for the child whose process ID equals _pid_.
 *
 *  0::     Waits for any child whose process group ID equals that of the
 *          calling process.
 *
 *  -1::    Waits for any child process (the default if no _pid_ is
 *          given).
 *
 *  < -1::  Waits for any child whose process group ID equals the absolute
 *          value of _pid_.
 *
 *  The _flags_ argument may be a logical or of the flag values
 *  <code>Process::WNOHANG</code> (do not block if no child available)
 *  or <code>Process::WUNTRACED</code> (return stopped children that
 *  haven't been reported). Not all flags are available on all
 *  platforms, but a flag value of zero will work on all platforms.
 *
 *  Calling this method raises a <code>SystemError</code> if there are
 *  no child processes. Not available on all platforms.
 *
 *     include Process
 *     fork { exit 99 }                 #=> 27429
 *     wait                             #=> 27429
 *     $?.exitstatus                    #=> 99
 *
 *     pid = fork { sleep 3 }           #=> 27440
 *     Time.now                         #=> 2008-03-08 19:56:16 +0900
 *     waitpid(pid, Process::WNOHANG)   #=> nil
 *     Time.now                         #=> 2008-03-08 19:56:16 +0900
 *     waitpid(pid, 0)                  #=> 27440
 *     Time.now                         #=> 2008-03-08 19:56:19 +0900
 */

static VALUE
proc_wait(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE vpid, vflags;
    rb_pid_t pid;
    int flags, status;

    rb_secure(2);
    flags = 0;
    if (argc == 0) {
    pid = -1;
    }
    else {
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &vpid, &vflags);
    pid = NUM2PIDT(vpid);
    if (argc == 2 && !NIL_P(vflags)) {
        flags = NUM2UINT(vflags);
    }
    }
    if ((pid = rb_waitpid(pid, &status, flags)) < 0)
    rb_sys_fail(0);
    if (pid == 0) {
    rb_last_status_clear();
    return Qnil;
    }
    return PIDT2NUM(pid);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.wait2(pid=-1, flags=0)      -> [pid, status]
 *     Process.waitpid2(pid=-1, flags=0)   -> [pid, status]
 *
 *  Waits for a child process to exit (see Process::waitpid for exact
 *  semantics) and returns an array containing the process id and the
 *  exit status (a <code>Process::Status</code> object) of that
 *  child. Raises a <code>SystemError</code> if there are no child
 *  processes.
 *
 *     Process.fork { exit 99 }   #=> 27437
 *     pid, status = Process.wait2
 *     pid                        #=> 27437
 *     status.exitstatus          #=> 99
 */

static VALUE
proc_wait2(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE pid = proc_wait(argc, argv);
    if (NIL_P(pid)) return Qnil;
    return rb_assoc_new(pid, rb_last_status_get());
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.waitall   -> [ [pid1,status1], ...]
 *
 *  Waits for all children, returning an array of
 *  _pid_/_status_ pairs (where _status_ is a
 *  <code>Process::Status</code> object).
 *
 *     fork { sleep 0.2; exit 2 }   #=> 27432
 *     fork { sleep 0.1; exit 1 }   #=> 27433
 *     fork {            exit 0 }   #=> 27434
 *     p Process.waitall
 *
 *  <em>produces</em>:
 *
 *     [[27434, #<Process::Status: pid=27434,exited(0)>],
 *      [27433, #<Process::Status: pid=27433,exited(1)>],
 *      [27432, #<Process::Status: pid=27432,exited(2)>]]
 */

static VALUE
proc_waitall(void)
{
    VALUE result;
    rb_pid_t pid;
    int status;

    rb_secure(2);
    result = rb_ary_new();
#ifdef NO_WAITPID
    if (pid_tbl) {
    st_foreach(pid_tbl, waitall_each, result);
    }
#else
    rb_last_status_clear();
#endif

    for (pid = -1;;) {
#ifdef NO_WAITPID
    pid = wait(&status);
#else
    pid = rb_waitpid(-1, &status, 0);
#endif
    if (pid == -1) {
        if (errno == ECHILD)
        break;
#ifdef NO_WAITPID
        if (errno == EINTR) {
        rb_thread_schedule();
        continue;
        }
#endif
        rb_sys_fail(0);
    }
#ifdef NO_WAITPID
    rb_last_status_set(status, pid);
#endif
    rb_ary_push(result, rb_assoc_new(PIDT2NUM(pid), rb_last_status_get()));
    }
    return result;
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.wait()                     -> fixnum
 *     Process.wait(pid=-1, flags=0)      -> fixnum
 *     Process.waitpid(pid=-1, flags=0)   -> fixnum
 *
 *  Waits for a child process to exit, returns its process id, and
 *  sets <code>$?</code> to a <code>Process::Status</code> object
 *  containing information on that process. Which child it waits on
 *  depends on the value of _pid_:
 *
 *  > 0::   Waits for the child whose process ID equals _pid_.
 *
 *  0::     Waits for any child whose process group ID equals that of the
 *          calling process.
 *
 *  -1::    Waits for any child process (the default if no _pid_ is
 *          given).
 *
 *  < -1::  Waits for any child whose process group ID equals the absolute
 *          value of _pid_.
 *
 *  The _flags_ argument may be a logical or of the flag values
 *  <code>Process::WNOHANG</code> (do not block if no child available)
 *  or <code>Process::WUNTRACED</code> (return stopped children that
 *  haven't been reported). Not all flags are available on all
 *  platforms, but a flag value of zero will work on all platforms.
 *
 *  Calling this method raises a <code>SystemError</code> if there are
 *  no child processes. Not available on all platforms.
 *
 *     include Process
 *     fork { exit 99 }                 #=> 27429
 *     wait                             #=> 27429
 *     $?.exitstatus                    #=> 99
 *
 *     pid = fork { sleep 3 }           #=> 27440
 *     Time.now                         #=> 2008-03-08 19:56:16 +0900
 *     waitpid(pid, Process::WNOHANG)   #=> nil
 *     Time.now                         #=> 2008-03-08 19:56:16 +0900
 *     waitpid(pid, 0)                  #=> 27440
 *     Time.now                         #=> 2008-03-08 19:56:19 +0900
 */

static VALUE
proc_wait(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE vpid, vflags;
    rb_pid_t pid;
    int flags, status;

    rb_secure(2);
    flags = 0;
    if (argc == 0) {
    pid = -1;
    }
    else {
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "02", &vpid, &vflags);
    pid = NUM2PIDT(vpid);
    if (argc == 2 && !NIL_P(vflags)) {
        flags = NUM2UINT(vflags);
    }
    }
    if ((pid = rb_waitpid(pid, &status, flags)) < 0)
    rb_sys_fail(0);
    if (pid == 0) {
    rb_last_status_clear();
    return Qnil;
    }
    return PIDT2NUM(pid);
}

# File 'process.c'

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Process.wait2(pid=-1, flags=0)      -> [pid, status]
 *     Process.waitpid2(pid=-1, flags=0)   -> [pid, status]
 *
 *  Waits for a child process to exit (see Process::waitpid for exact
 *  semantics) and returns an array containing the process id and the
 *  exit status (a <code>Process::Status</code> object) of that
 *  child. Raises a <code>SystemError</code> if there are no child
 *  processes.
 *
 *     Process.fork { exit 99 }   #=> 27437
 *     pid, status = Process.wait2
 *     pid                        #=> 27437
 *     status.exitstatus          #=> 99
 */

static VALUE
proc_wait2(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE pid = proc_wait(argc, argv);
    if (NIL_P(pid)) return Qnil;
    return rb_assoc_new(pid, rb_last_status_get());
}