Module: ActiveRecord::ConnectionHandling

Included in:
Base
Defined in:
activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql2_adapter.rb,
activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb,
activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb,
activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb

Overview

:nodoc:

Constant Summary collapse

RAILS_ENV = 
-> { (Rails.env if defined?(Rails.env)) || ENV["RAILS_ENV"].presence || ENV["RACK_ENV"].presence }
DEFAULT_ENV = 
-> { RAILS_ENV.call || "default_env" }
ER_BAD_DB_ERROR = 
1049

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Instance Attribute Details

#connection_specification_name ⇒ Object

Return the connection specification name from the current class or its parent.


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 216

def connection_specification_name
  if !defined?(@connection_specification_name) || @connection_specification_name.nil?
    return self == Base ? Base.name : superclass.connection_specification_name
  end
  @connection_specification_name
end

Instance Method Details

#clear_cache! ⇒ Object

:nodoc:


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 274

def clear_cache! # :nodoc:
  connection.schema_cache.clear!
end

#clear_query_caches_for_current_thread ⇒ Object

Clears the query cache for all connections associated with the current thread.


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 198

def clear_query_caches_for_current_thread
  ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handlers.each_value do |handler|
    handler.connection_pool_list.each do |pool|
      pool.connection.clear_query_cache if pool.active_connection?
    end
  end
end

#connected? ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if Active Record is connected.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 258

def connected?
  connection_handler.connected?(connection_specification_name, current_pool_key)
end

#connected_to(database: nil, role: nil, shard: nil, prevent_writes: false, &blk) ⇒ Object

Connects to a role (ex writing, reading or a custom role) and/or shard for the duration of the block. At the end of the block the connection will be returned to the original role / shard.

If only a role is passed, Active Record will look up the connection based on the requested role. If a non-established role is requested an `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` error will be raised:

ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :writing) do
  Dog.create! # creates dog using dog writing connection
end

ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
  Dog.create! # throws exception because we're on a replica
end

If only a shard is passed, Active Record will look up the shard on the current role. If a non-existent shard is passed, an `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` error will be raised.

ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(shard: :default) do
  # Dog.create! # creates dog in shard with the default key
end

If a shard and role is passed, Active Record will first lookup the role, and then look up the connection by shard key.

ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading, shard: :shard_one_replica) do
  # Dog.create! # would raise as we're on a readonly connection
end

The database kwarg is deprecated and will be removed in 6.2.0 without replacement.

Raises:

  • (NotImplementedError) 

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 139

def connected_to(database: nil, role: nil, shard: nil, prevent_writes: false, &blk)
  raise NotImplementedError, "connected_to can only be called on ActiveRecord::Base" unless self == Base

  if database
    ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("The database key in `connected_to` is deprecated. It will be removed in Rails 6.2.0 without replacement.")
  end

  if database && (role || shard)
    raise ArgumentError, "`connected_to` cannot accept a `database` argument with any other arguments."
  elsif database
    if database.is_a?(Hash)
      role, database = database.first
      role = role.to_sym
    end

    db_config, owner_name = resolve_config_for_connection(database)
    handler = lookup_connection_handler(role)

    handler.establish_connection(db_config, default_pool_key, owner_name)

    with_handler(role, &blk)
  elsif shard
    with_shard(shard, role || current_role, prevent_writes, &blk)
  elsif role
    with_role(role, prevent_writes, &blk)
  else
    raise ArgumentError, "must provide a `shard` and/or `role`."
  end
end

#connected_to?(role:, shard: ActiveRecord::Base.default_pool_key) ⇒ Boolean

Returns true if role is the current connected role.

ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :writing) do
  ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to?(role: :writing) #=> true
  ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to?(role: :reading) #=> false
end

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 175

def connected_to?(role:, shard: ActiveRecord::Base.default_pool_key)
  current_role == role.to_sym && current_pool_key == shard.to_sym
end

#connection ⇒ Object

Returns the connection currently associated with the class. This can also be used to “borrow” the connection to do database work unrelated to any of the specific Active Records.


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 209

def connection
  retrieve_connection
end

#connection_config ⇒ Object

Returns the configuration of the associated connection as a hash:

ActiveRecord::Base.connection_config
# => {pool: 5, timeout: 5000, database: "db/development.sqlite3", adapter: "sqlite3"}

Please use only for reading.


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 233

def connection_config
  connection_pool.db_config.configuration_hash
end

#connection_db_config ⇒ Object

Returns the db_config object from the associated connection:

ActiveRecord::Base.connection_db_config
  #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbded10 @env_name="development",
    @name="primary", @config={pool: 5, timeout: 5000, database: "db/development.sqlite3", adapter: "sqlite3"}>

Use only for reading.


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 245

def connection_db_config
  connection_pool.db_config
end

#connection_pool ⇒ Object 


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 249

def connection_pool
  connection_handler.retrieve_connection_pool(connection_specification_name, current_pool_key) || raise(ConnectionNotEstablished)
end

#connects_to(database: {}, shards: {}) ⇒ Object

Connects a model to the databases specified. The database keyword takes a hash consisting of a role and a database_key.

This will create a connection handler for switching between connections, look up the config hash using the database_key and finally establishes a connection to that config.

class AnimalsModel < ApplicationRecord
  self.abstract_class = true

  connects_to database: { writing: :primary, reading: :primary_replica }
end

connects_to also supports horizontal sharding. The horizontal sharding API also supports read replicas. Connect a model to a list of shards like this:

class AnimalsModel < ApplicationRecord
  self.abstract_class = true

  connects_to shards: {
    default: { writing: :primary, reading: :primary_replica },
    shard_two: { writing: :primary_shard_two, reading: :primary_shard_replica_two }
  }
end

Returns an array of database connections.


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 81

def connects_to(database: {}, shards: {})
  if database.present? && shards.present?
    raise ArgumentError, "connects_to can only accept a `database` or `shards` argument, but not both arguments."
  end

  connections = []

  database.each do |role, database_key|
    db_config, owner_name = resolve_config_for_connection(database_key)
    handler = lookup_connection_handler(role.to_sym)

    connections << handler.establish_connection(db_config, default_pool_key, owner_name)
  end

  shards.each do |pool_key, database_keys|
    database_keys.each do |role, database_key|
      db_config, owner_name = resolve_config_for_connection(database_key)
      handler = lookup_connection_handler(role.to_sym)

      connections << handler.establish_connection(db_config, pool_key.to_sym, owner_name)
    end
  end

  connections
end

#current_role ⇒ Object

Returns the symbol representing the current connected role.

ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :writing) do
  ActiveRecord::Base.current_role #=> :writing
end

ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
  ActiveRecord::Base.current_role #=> :reading
end


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 188

def current_role
  connection_handlers.key(connection_handler)
end

#establish_connection(config_or_env = nil) ⇒ Object

Establishes the connection to the database. Accepts a hash as input where the :adapter key must be specified with the name of a database adapter (in lower-case) example for regular databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc):

ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(
  adapter:  "mysql2",
  host:     "localhost",
  username: "myuser",
  password: "mypass",
  database: "somedatabase"
)

Example for SQLite database:

ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(
  adapter:  "sqlite3",
  database: "path/to/dbfile"
)

Also accepts keys as strings (for parsing from YAML for example):

ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(
  "adapter"  => "sqlite3",
  "database" => "path/to/dbfile"
)

Or a URL:

ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(
  "postgres://myuser:[email protected]/somedatabase"
)

In case ActiveRecord::Base.configurations is set (Rails automatically loads the contents of config/database.yml into it), a symbol can also be given as argument, representing a key in the configuration hash:

ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(:production)

The exceptions AdapterNotSpecified, AdapterNotFound and ArgumentError may be returned on an error.


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 49

def establish_connection(config_or_env = nil)
  config_or_env ||= DEFAULT_ENV.call.to_sym
  db_config, owner_name = resolve_config_for_connection(config_or_env)
  connection_handler.establish_connection(db_config, current_pool_key, owner_name)
end

#lookup_connection_handler(handler_key) ⇒ Object

:nodoc:


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 192

def lookup_connection_handler(handler_key) # :nodoc:
  handler_key ||= ActiveRecord::Base.writing_role
  connection_handlers[handler_key] ||= ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler.new
end

#mysql2_connection(config) ⇒ Object

Establishes a connection to the database that's used by all Active Record objects.


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql2_adapter.rb', line 14

def mysql2_connection(config)
  config = config.symbolize_keys
  config[:flags] ||= 0

  if config[:flags].kind_of? Array
    config[:flags].push "FOUND_ROWS"
  else
    config[:flags] |= Mysql2::Client::FOUND_ROWS
  end

  client = Mysql2::Client.new(config)
  ConnectionAdapters::Mysql2Adapter.new(client, logger, nil, config)
rescue Mysql2::Error => error
  if error.error_number == ER_BAD_DB_ERROR
    raise ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError
  else
    raise
  end
end

#postgresql_connection(config) ⇒ Object

Establishes a connection to the database that's used by all Active Record objects


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb', line 34

def postgresql_connection(config)
  conn_params = config.symbolize_keys

  conn_params.delete_if { |_, v| v.nil? }

  # Map ActiveRecords param names to PGs.
  conn_params[:user] = conn_params.delete(:username) if conn_params[:username]
  conn_params[:dbname] = conn_params.delete(:database) if conn_params[:database]

  # Forward only valid config params to PG::Connection.connect.
  valid_conn_param_keys = PG::Connection.conndefaults_hash.keys + [:requiressl]
  conn_params.slice!(*valid_conn_param_keys)

  conn = PG.connect(conn_params)
  ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter.new(conn, logger, conn_params, config)
rescue ::PG::Error => error
  if error.message.include?(conn_params[:dbname])
    raise ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError
  else
    raise
  end
end

#primary_class? ⇒ Boolean

:nodoc:

Returns:

  • (Boolean) 

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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 223

def primary_class? # :nodoc:
  self == Base || defined?(ApplicationRecord) && self == ApplicationRecord
end

#remove_connection(name = nil) ⇒ Object 


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 262

def remove_connection(name = nil)
  name ||= @connection_specification_name if defined?(@connection_specification_name)
  # if removing a connection that has a pool, we reset the
  # connection_specification_name so it will use the parent
  # pool.
  if connection_handler.retrieve_connection_pool(name, current_pool_key)
    self.connection_specification_name = nil
  end

  connection_handler.remove_connection_pool(name, current_pool_key)
end

#retrieve_connection ⇒ Object 


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb', line 253

def retrieve_connection
  connection_handler.retrieve_connection(connection_specification_name, current_pool_key)
end

#sqlite3_connection(config) ⇒ Object 


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# File 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb', line 18

def sqlite3_connection(config)
  config = config.symbolize_keys

  # Require database.
  unless config[:database]
    raise ArgumentError, "No database file specified. Missing argument: database"
  end

  # Allow database path relative to Rails.root, but only if the database
  # path is not the special path that tells sqlite to build a database only
  # in memory.
  if ":memory:" != config[:database] && !config[:database].to_s.starts_with?("file:")
    config[:database] = File.expand_path(config[:database], Rails.root) if defined?(Rails.root)
    dirname = File.dirname(config[:database])
    Dir.mkdir(dirname) unless File.directory?(dirname)
  end

  db = SQLite3::Database.new(
    config[:database].to_s,
    config.merge(results_as_hash: true)
  )

  ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter.new(db, logger, nil, config)
rescue Errno::ENOENT => error
  if error.message.include?("No such file or directory")
    raise ActiveRecord::NoDatabaseError
  else
    raise
  end
end