Class: Time

Inherits:
Object show all
Includes:
Comparable
Defined in:
time.c

Overview

Time is an abstraction of dates and times. Time is stored internally as the number of seconds and microseconds since the epoch, January 1, 1970 00:00 UTC. On some operating systems, this offset is allowed to be negative. Also see the library modules Date and ParseDate. The Time class treats GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) and UTC (Coordinated Universal Time)[Yes, UTC really does stand for Coordinated Universal Time. There was a committee involved.] as equivalent. GMT is the older way of referring to these baseline times but persists in the names of calls on Posix systems.

All times are stored with some number of microseconds. Be aware of this fact when comparing times with each other—times that are apparently equal when displayed may be different when compared.

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods included from Comparable

#<, #<=, #==, #>, #>=, #between?

Constructor Details

#initializeObject

Synonym for Time.new. Returns a Time object initialized tot he current system time.

call-seq:

Time.new -> time

Returns a Time object initialized to the current system time. Note: The object created will be created using the resolution available on your system clock, and so may include fractional seconds.

a = Time.new      #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
b = Time.new      #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
a == b            #=> false
"%.6f" % a.to_f   #=> "1049896563.230740"
"%.6f" % b.to_f   #=> "1049896563.231466"


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# File 'time.c', line 92

static VALUE
time_init(time)
VALUE time;

Class Method Details

._load(string) ⇒ Time

Unmarshal a dumped Time object.

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 2028

static VALUE
time_load(klass, str)
VALUE klass, str;

.at(aTime) ⇒ Time .at(seconds[, microseconds]) ⇒ Time

Creates a new time object with the value given by aTime, or the given number of seconds (and optional microseconds) from epoch. A non-portable feature allows the offset to be negative on some systems.

Time.at(0)            #=> Wed Dec 31 18:00:00 CST 1969
Time.at(946702800)    #=> Fri Dec 31 23:00:00 CST 1999
Time.at(-284061600)   #=> Sat Dec 31 00:00:00 CST 1960

Overloads:

  • .at(aTime) ⇒ Time

    Returns:

  • .at(seconds[, microseconds]) ⇒ Time

    Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 254

static VALUE
time_s_at(argc, argv, klass)
int argc;

.utc(year[, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec]) ⇒ Time .utc(sec, min, hour, day, month, year, wday, yday, isdst, tz) ⇒ Object

Time.gm( year [, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec] ) => time

Time.gm( sec, min, hour, day, month, year, wday, yday, isdst, tz
) => time

Creates a time based on given values, interpreted as UTC (GMT). The year must be specified. Other values default to the minimum value for that field (and may be nil or omitted). Months may be specified by numbers from 1 to 12, or by the three-letter English month names. Hours are specified on a 24-hour clock (0..23). Raises an ArgumentError if any values are out of range. Will also accept ten arguments in the order output by Time#to_a.

Time.utc(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)  #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 UTC 2000
Time.gm(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)   #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 UTC 2000

Overloads:

  • .utc(year[, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec]) ⇒ Time

    Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 837

static VALUE
time_s_mkutc(argc, argv, klass)
int argc;

.local(year[, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec]) ⇒ Time .local(sec, min, hour, day, month, year, wday, yday, isdst) ⇒ Object

Time.mktime( year, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec ) => time

Same as Time::gm, but interprets the values in the local time zone.

Time.local(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)   #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 CST 2000

Overloads:

  • .local(year[, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec]) ⇒ Time

    Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 859

static VALUE
time_s_mktime(argc, argv, klass)
int argc;

.local(year[, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec]) ⇒ Time .local(sec, min, hour, day, month, year, wday, yday, isdst) ⇒ Object

Time.mktime( year, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec ) => time

Same as Time::gm, but interprets the values in the local time zone.

Time.local(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)   #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 CST 2000

Overloads:

  • .local(year[, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec]) ⇒ Time

    Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 859

static VALUE
time_s_mktime(argc, argv, klass)
int argc;

.new(args, ...) ⇒ Object

Calls allocate to create a new object of class’s class, then invokes that object’s initialize method, passing it args. This is the method that ends up getting called whenever an object is constructed using .new.

Returns:



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# File 'object.c', line 1585

VALUE
rb_class_new_instance(argc, argv, klass)
int argc;

.timesObject

Deprecated in favor of Process::times



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# File 'time.c', line 1888

static VALUE
time_s_times(obj)
VALUE obj;

.utc(year[, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec]) ⇒ Time .utc(sec, min, hour, day, month, year, wday, yday, isdst, tz) ⇒ Object

Time.gm( year [, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec] ) => time

Time.gm( sec, min, hour, day, month, year, wday, yday, isdst, tz
) => time

Creates a time based on given values, interpreted as UTC (GMT). The year must be specified. Other values default to the minimum value for that field (and may be nil or omitted). Months may be specified by numbers from 1 to 12, or by the three-letter English month names. Hours are specified on a 24-hour clock (0..23). Raises an ArgumentError if any values are out of range. Will also accept ten arguments in the order output by Time#to_a.

Time.utc(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)  #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 UTC 2000
Time.gm(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)   #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 UTC 2000

Overloads:

  • .utc(year[, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec]) ⇒ Time

    Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 837

static VALUE
time_s_mkutc(argc, argv, klass)
int argc;

Instance Method Details

#+(numeric) ⇒ Time

Addition—Adds some number of seconds (possibly fractional) to time and returns that value as a new time.

t = Time.now         #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
t + (60 * 60 * 24)   #=> Thu Apr 10 08:56:03 CDT 2003

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 1339

static VALUE
time_plus(time1, time2)
VALUE time1, time2;

#-(other_time) ⇒ Float #-(numeric) ⇒ Time

Difference—Returns a new time that represents the difference between two times, or subtracts the given number of seconds in numeric from time.

t = Time.now       #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
t2 = t + 2592000   #=> Fri May 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
t2 - t             #=> 2592000.0
t2 - 2592000       #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1367

static VALUE
time_minus(time1, time2)
VALUE time1, time2;

#<=>(other_time) ⇒ -1, ... #<=>(numeric) ⇒ -1, ...

Comparison—Compares time with other_time or with numeric, which is the number of seconds (possibly fractional) since epoch.

t = Time.now       #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
t2 = t + 2592000   #=> Fri May 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
t <=> t2           #=> -1
t2 <=> t           #=> 1
t <=> t            #=> 0

Overloads:

  • #<=>(other_time) ⇒ -1, ...

    Returns:

    • (-1, 0, +1)
  • #<=>(numeric) ⇒ -1, ...

    Returns:

    • (-1, 0, +1)


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# File 'time.c', line 951

static VALUE
time_cmp(time1, time2)
VALUE time1, time2;

#_dumpString

Dump time for marshaling.

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 1947

static VALUE
time_dump(argc, argv, time)
int argc;

#asctimeString #ctimeString

Returns a canonical string representation of time.

Time.now.asctime   #=> "Wed Apr  9 08:56:03 2003"

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1219

static VALUE
time_asctime(time)
VALUE time;

#asctimeString #ctimeString

Returns a canonical string representation of time.

Time.now.asctime   #=> "Wed Apr  9 08:56:03 2003"

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1219

static VALUE
time_asctime(time)
VALUE time;

#dayFixnum #mdayFixnum

Returns the day of the month (1..n) for time.

t = Time.now   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
t.day          #=> 9
t.mday         #=> 9

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1489

static VALUE
time_mday(time)
VALUE time;

#isdstBoolean #dst?Boolean

Returns true if time occurs during Daylight Saving Time in its time zone.

Time.local(2000, 7, 1).isdst   #=> true
Time.local(2000, 1, 1).isdst   #=> false
Time.local(2000, 7, 1).dst?    #=> true
Time.local(2000, 1, 1).dst?    #=> false

Overloads:

  • #isdstBoolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean)
  • #dst?Boolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean)


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# File 'time.c', line 1611

static VALUE
time_isdst(time)
VALUE time;

#eql?(other_time) ⇒ Boolean

Return true if time and other_time are both Time objects with the same seconds and fractional seconds.

Returns:

  • (Boolean)


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# File 'time.c', line 981

static VALUE
time_eql(time1, time2)
VALUE time1, time2;

#getgmTime #getutcTime

Returns a new new_time object representing time in UTC.

t = Time.local(2000,1,1,20,15,1)   #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 CST 2000
t.gmt?                             #=> false
y = t.getgm                        #=> Sun Jan 02 02:15:01 UTC 2000
y.gmt?                             #=> true
t == y                             #=> true

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1193

static VALUE
time_getgmtime(time)
VALUE time;

#getlocalTime

Returns a new new_time object representing time in local time (using the local time zone in effect for this process).

t = Time.gm(2000,1,1,20,15,1)   #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 UTC 2000
t.gmt?                          #=> true
l = t.getlocal                  #=> Sat Jan 01 14:15:01 CST 2000
l.gmt?                          #=> false
t == l                          #=> true

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 1171

static VALUE
time_getlocaltime(time)
VALUE time;

#getgmTime #getutcTime

Returns a new new_time object representing time in UTC.

t = Time.local(2000,1,1,20,15,1)   #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 CST 2000
t.gmt?                             #=> false
y = t.getgm                        #=> Sun Jan 02 02:15:01 UTC 2000
y.gmt?                             #=> true
t == y                             #=> true

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1193

static VALUE
time_getgmtime(time)
VALUE time;

#utc?Boolean #gmt?Boolean

Returns true if time represents a time in UTC (GMT).

t = Time.now                        #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:04 CDT 2003
t.utc?                              #=> false
t = Time.gm(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)   #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 UTC 2000
t.utc?                              #=> true

t = Time.now                        #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
t.gmt?                              #=> false
t = Time.gm(2000,1,1,20,15,1)       #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 UTC 2000
t.gmt?                              #=> true

Overloads:

  • #utc?Boolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean)
  • #gmt?Boolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean)


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# File 'time.c', line 1016

static VALUE
time_utc_p(time)
VALUE time;

#gmt_offsetFixnum #gmtoffFixnum #utc_offsetFixnum

Returns the offset in seconds between the timezone of time and UTC.

t = Time.gm(2000,1,1,20,15,1)   #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 UTC 2000
t.gmt_offset                    #=> 0
l = t.getlocal                  #=> Sat Jan 01 14:15:01 CST 2000
l.gmt_offset                    #=> -21600

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1680

static VALUE
time_utc_offset(time)
VALUE time;

#gmtimeTime #utcTime

Converts time to UTC (GMT), modifying the receiver.

t = Time.now   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
t.gmt?         #=> false
t.gmtime       #=> Wed Apr 09 13:56:03 UTC 2003
t.gmt?         #=> true

t = Time.now   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:04 CDT 2003
t.utc?         #=> false
t.utc          #=> Wed Apr 09 13:56:04 UTC 2003
t.utc?         #=> true

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1131

static VALUE
time_gmtime(time)
VALUE time;

#gmt_offsetFixnum #gmtoffFixnum #utc_offsetFixnum

Returns the offset in seconds between the timezone of time and UTC.

t = Time.gm(2000,1,1,20,15,1)   #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 UTC 2000
t.gmt_offset                    #=> 0
l = t.getlocal                  #=> Sat Jan 01 14:15:01 CST 2000
l.gmt_offset                    #=> -21600

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1680

static VALUE
time_utc_offset(time)
VALUE time;

#hashFixnum

Return a hash code for this time object.

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 1034

static VALUE
time_hash(time)
VALUE time;

#hourFixnum

Returns the hour of the day (0..23) for time.

t = Time.now   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
t.hour         #=> 8

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 1464

static VALUE
time_hour(time)
VALUE time;

#initialize_copyObject

:nodoc:



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# File 'time.c', line 1047

static VALUE
time_init_copy(copy, time)
VALUE copy, time;

#inspectString #to_sString

Returns a string representing time. Equivalent to calling Time#strftime with a format string of “%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Z %Y”.

Time.now.to_s   #=> "Wed Apr 09 08:56:04 CDT 2003"

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1249

static VALUE
time_to_s(time)
VALUE time;

#isdstBoolean #dst?Boolean

Returns true if time occurs during Daylight Saving Time in its time zone.

Time.local(2000, 7, 1).isdst   #=> true
Time.local(2000, 1, 1).isdst   #=> false
Time.local(2000, 7, 1).dst?    #=> true
Time.local(2000, 1, 1).dst?    #=> false

Overloads:

  • #isdstBoolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean)
  • #dst?Boolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean)


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# File 'time.c', line 1611

static VALUE
time_isdst(time)
VALUE time;

#localtimeTime

Converts time to local time (using the local time zone in effect for this process) modifying the receiver.

t = Time.gm(2000, "jan", 1, 20, 15, 1)
t.gmt?        #=> true
t.localtime   #=> Sat Jan 01 14:15:01 CST 2000
t.gmt?        #=> false

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 1087

static VALUE
time_localtime(time)
VALUE time;

#marshal_dumpObject

undocumented



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# File 'time.c', line 1900

static VALUE
time_mdump(time)
VALUE time;

#marshal_loadObject

undocumented



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# File 'time.c', line 1969

static VALUE
time_mload(time, str)
VALUE time, str;

#dayFixnum #mdayFixnum

Returns the day of the month (1..n) for time.

t = Time.now   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
t.day          #=> 9
t.mday         #=> 9

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1489

static VALUE
time_mday(time)
VALUE time;

#minFixnum

Returns the minute of the hour (0..59) for time.

t = Time.now   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
t.min          #=> 56

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 1441

static VALUE
time_min(time)
VALUE time;

#monFixnum #monthFixnum

Returns the month of the year (1..12) for time.

t = Time.now   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
t.mon          #=> 4
t.month        #=> 4

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1514

static VALUE
time_mon(time)
VALUE time;

#monFixnum #monthFixnum

Returns the month of the year (1..12) for time.

t = Time.now   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
t.mon          #=> 4
t.month        #=> 4

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1514

static VALUE
time_mon(time)
VALUE time;

#secFixnum

Returns the second of the minute (0..60)[Yes, seconds really can range from zero to 60. This allows the system to inject leap seconds every now and then to correct for the fact that years are not really a convenient number of hours long.] for time.

t = Time.now   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:04 CDT 2003
t.sec          #=> 4

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 1418

static VALUE
time_sec(time)
VALUE time;

#strftime(string) ⇒ String

Formats time according to the directives in the given format string. Any text not listed as a directive will be passed through to the output string.

Format meaning:

%a - The abbreviated weekday name (``Sun'')
%A - The  full  weekday  name (``Sunday'')
%b - The abbreviated month name (``Jan'')
%B - The  full  month  name (``January'')
%c - The preferred local date and time representation
%d - Day of the month (01..31)
%H - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock (00..23)
%I - Hour of the day, 12-hour clock (01..12)
%j - Day of the year (001..366)
%m - Month of the year (01..12)
%M - Minute of the hour (00..59)
%p - Meridian indicator (``AM''  or  ``PM'')
%S - Second of the minute (00..60)
%U - Week  number  of the current year,
        starting with the first Sunday as the first
        day of the first week (00..53)
%W - Week  number  of the current year,
        starting with the first Monday as the first
        day of the first week (00..53)
%w - Day of the week (Sunday is 0, 0..6)
%x - Preferred representation for the date alone, no time
%X - Preferred representation for the time alone, no date
%y - Year without a century (00..99)
%Y - Year with century
%Z - Time zone name
%% - Literal ``%'' character

 t = Time.now
 t.strftime("Printed on %m/%d/%Y")   #=> "Printed on 04/09/2003"
 t.strftime("at %I:%M%p")            #=> "at 08:56AM"

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 1834

static VALUE
time_strftime(time, format)
VALUE time, format;

#succTime

Return a new time object, one second later than time.

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 1395

static VALUE
time_succ(time)
VALUE time;

#to_aArray

Returns a ten-element array of values for time: sec, min, hour, day, month, year, wday, yday, isdst, zone ]. See the individual methods for an explanation of the valid ranges of each value. The ten elements can be passed directly to Time::utc or Time::local to create a new Time.

now = Time.now   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:04 CDT 2003
t = now.to_a     #=> [4, 56, 8, 9, 4, 2003, 3, 99, true, "CDT"]

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 1737

static VALUE
time_to_a(time)
VALUE time;

#to_fFloat

Returns the value of time as a floating point number of seconds since epoch.

t = Time.now
"%10.5f" % t.to_f   #=> "1049896564.13654"
t.to_i              #=> 1049896564

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 903

static VALUE
time_to_f(time)
VALUE time;

#to_iInteger #tv_secInteger

Returns the value of time as an integer number of seconds since epoch.

t = Time.now
"%10.5f" % t.to_f   #=> "1049896564.17839"
t.to_i              #=> 1049896564

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 881

static VALUE
time_to_i(time)
VALUE time;

#inspectString #to_sString

Returns a string representing time. Equivalent to calling Time#strftime with a format string of “%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Z %Y”.

Time.now.to_s   #=> "Wed Apr 09 08:56:04 CDT 2003"

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1249

static VALUE
time_to_s(time)
VALUE time;

#to_iInteger #tv_secInteger

Returns the value of time as an integer number of seconds since epoch.

t = Time.now
"%10.5f" % t.to_f   #=> "1049896564.17839"
t.to_i              #=> 1049896564

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 881

static VALUE
time_to_i(time)
VALUE time;

#usecInteger #tv_usecInteger

Returns just the number of microseconds for time.

t = Time.now        #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:04 CDT 2003
"%10.6f" % t.to_f   #=> "1049896564.259970"
t.usec              #=> 259970

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 925

static VALUE
time_usec(time)
VALUE time;

#usecInteger #tv_usecInteger

Returns just the number of microseconds for time.

t = Time.now        #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:04 CDT 2003
"%10.6f" % t.to_f   #=> "1049896564.259970"
t.usec              #=> 259970

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 925

static VALUE
time_usec(time)
VALUE time;

#gmtimeTime #utcTime

Converts time to UTC (GMT), modifying the receiver.

t = Time.now   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
t.gmt?         #=> false
t.gmtime       #=> Wed Apr 09 13:56:03 UTC 2003
t.gmt?         #=> true

t = Time.now   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:04 CDT 2003
t.utc?         #=> false
t.utc          #=> Wed Apr 09 13:56:04 UTC 2003
t.utc?         #=> true

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1131

static VALUE
time_gmtime(time)
VALUE time;

#utc?Boolean #gmt?Boolean

Returns true if time represents a time in UTC (GMT).

t = Time.now                        #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:04 CDT 2003
t.utc?                              #=> false
t = Time.gm(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1)   #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 UTC 2000
t.utc?                              #=> true

t = Time.now                        #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:03 CDT 2003
t.gmt?                              #=> false
t = Time.gm(2000,1,1,20,15,1)       #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 UTC 2000
t.gmt?                              #=> true

Overloads:

  • #utc?Boolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean)
  • #gmt?Boolean

    Returns:

    • (Boolean)


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# File 'time.c', line 1016

static VALUE
time_utc_p(time)
VALUE time;

#gmt_offsetFixnum #gmtoffFixnum #utc_offsetFixnum

Returns the offset in seconds between the timezone of time and UTC.

t = Time.gm(2000,1,1,20,15,1)   #=> Sat Jan 01 20:15:01 UTC 2000
t.gmt_offset                    #=> 0
l = t.getlocal                  #=> Sat Jan 01 14:15:01 CST 2000
l.gmt_offset                    #=> -21600

Overloads:



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# File 'time.c', line 1680

static VALUE
time_utc_offset(time)
VALUE time;

#wdayFixnum

Returns an integer representing the day of the week, 0..6, with Sunday == 0.

t = Time.now   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:04 CDT 2003
t.wday         #=> 3

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 1561

static VALUE
time_wday(time)
VALUE time;

#ydayFixnum

Returns an integer representing the day of the year, 1..366.

t = Time.now   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:04 CDT 2003
t.yday         #=> 99

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 1584

static VALUE
time_yday(time)
VALUE time;

#yearFixnum

Returns the year for time (including the century).

t = Time.now   #=> Wed Apr 09 08:56:04 CDT 2003
t.year         #=> 2003

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 1537

static VALUE
time_year(time)
VALUE time;

#zoneString

Returns the name of the time zone used for time. As of Ruby 1.8, returns “UTC” rather than “GMT” for UTC times.

t = Time.gm(2000, "jan", 1, 20, 15, 1)
t.zone   #=> "UTC"
t = Time.local(2000, "jan", 1, 20, 15, 1)
t.zone   #=> "CST"

Returns:



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# File 'time.c', line 1637

static VALUE
time_zone(time)
VALUE time;